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<title>Value range analysis</title>
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<span id="openzim-page-title" class="mw-page-title-main"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Value range analysis</span></span>
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<div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content mw-content-ltr" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><p>In <a href="Computing" title="Computing">computing</a>, in particular <a href="Compiler" title="Compiler">compiler</a> construction, <b>value range analysis</b> is a type of <a href="Data_flow_analysis" class="mw-redirect" title="Data flow analysis">data flow analysis</a> that tracks the range (interval) of values that a numeric variable can take on at each point of a program's execution.<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>
The resulting information can be used in optimizations such as redundancy elimination, <a href="Dead_code_elimination" class="mw-redirect" title="Dead code elimination">dead code elimination</a>, instruction selection, etc., but can also be used to improve the safety of programs, e.g. in the detection of <a href="Buffer_overflow" title="Buffer overflow">buffer overruns</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Techniques for value range analysis typically use <a href="Symbolic_computation" class="mw-redirect" title="Symbolic computation">symbolic analysis</a> extensively.<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>
</p><p>Value range analysis is often implemented in the <a href="Intel_C%2B%2B_Compiler" title="Intel C++ Compiler">Intel C++ Compiler</a> and is implemented in <a href="GNU_Compiler_Collection" title="GNU Compiler Collection">GCC</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>
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<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2></div>
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<li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">
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</style><cite id="CITEREFHarrison1977" class="citation journal cs1">Harrison, William H. (1977). "Compiler Analysis of the Value Ranges for Variables". <i>IEEE Transactions on Software Engineering</i>. <b>3</b> (3): <span class="nowrap">243–</span>250. <a href="Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1109%2FTSE.1977.231133">10.1109/TSE.1977.231133</a>. <a href="S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:17018610">17018610</a>.</cite></span>
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<li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite id="CITEREFWagnerFosterBrewerAiken2000" class="citation conference cs1">Wagner, D.; Foster, J. S.; Brewer, E. A.; Aiken, A. (2000). <i>A First Step Towards Automated Detection of Buffer Overrun Vulnerabilities</i>. NDSS.</cite></span>
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<li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite id="CITEREFBirchvan_EngelenGallivan" class="citation web cs1">Birch, Johnnie; van Engelen, Robert; Gallivan, Kyle. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.cs.fsu.edu/~engelen/cpcpaper.pdf">"Value Range Analysis of Conditionally Updated Variables and Pointers"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>.</cite></span>
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<li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite id="CITEREFMacLeod2021" class="citation web cs1">MacLeod, Andrew (28 April 2021). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://developers.redhat.com/blog/2021/04/28/value-range-propagation-in-gcc-with-project-ranger">"Value range propagation in GCC with Project Ranger"</a>.</cite></span>
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</style><div id="Compiler_optimizations253" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="Optimizing_compiler" title="Optimizing compiler">Compiler optimizations</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Basic block</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">
<ul><li><a href="Peephole_optimization" title="Peephole optimization">Peephole optimization</a></li>
<li><a href="Local_value_numbering" class="mw-redirect" title="Local value numbering">Local value numbering</a></li></ul>
</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="Loop_optimization" title="Loop optimization">Loop</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">
<ul><li><a href="Automatic_parallelization" title="Automatic parallelization">Automatic parallelization</a></li>
<li><a href="Automatic_vectorization" title="Automatic vectorization">Automatic vectorization</a></li>
<li><a href="Induction_variable" title="Induction variable">Induction variable</a></li>
<li><a href="Loop_fusion" class="mw-redirect" title="Loop fusion">Loop fusion</a></li>
<li><a href="Loop-invariant_code_motion" title="Loop-invariant code motion">Loop-invariant code motion</a></li>
<li><a href="Loop_inversion" title="Loop inversion">Loop inversion</a></li>
<li><a href="Loop_interchange" title="Loop interchange">Loop interchange</a></li>
<li><a href="Loop_nest_optimization" title="Loop nest optimization">Loop nest optimization</a></li>
<li><a href="Loop_splitting" title="Loop splitting">Loop splitting</a></li>
<li><a href="Loop_unrolling" title="Loop unrolling">Loop unrolling</a></li>
<li><a href="Loop_unswitching" title="Loop unswitching">Loop unswitching</a></li>
<li><a href="Software_pipelining" title="Software pipelining">Software pipelining</a></li>
<li><a href="Strength_reduction" title="Strength reduction">Strength reduction</a></li></ul>
</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="Data-flow_analysis" title="Data-flow analysis">Data-flow<br>analysis</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">
<ul><li><a href="Available_expression" title="Available expression">Available expression</a></li>
<li><a href="Common_subexpression_elimination" title="Common subexpression elimination">Common subexpression elimination</a></li>
<li><a href="Constant_folding" title="Constant folding">Constant folding</a></li>
<li><a href="Dead_store" title="Dead store">Dead store</a> elimination</li>
<li><a href="Induction_variable_recognition_and_elimination" class="mw-redirect" title="Induction variable recognition and elimination">Induction variable recognition and elimination</a></li>
<li><a href="Live-variable_analysis" title="Live-variable analysis">Live-variable analysis</a></li>
<li><a href="Upwards_exposed_uses" title="Upwards exposed uses">Upwards exposed uses</a></li>
<li><a href="Use-define_chain" title="Use-define chain">Use-define chain</a></li>
<li><a href="Reaching_definition" title="Reaching definition">Reaching definitions</a></li></ul>
</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="Static_single-assignment_form" title="Static single-assignment form">SSA</a>-based</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">
<ul><li><a href="Global_value_numbering" class="mw-redirect" title="Global value numbering">Global value numbering</a></li>
<li><a href="Sparse_conditional_constant_propagation" title="Sparse conditional constant propagation">Sparse conditional constant propagation</a></li></ul>
</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="Code_generation_(compiler)" title="Code generation (compiler)">Code generation</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">
<ul><li><a href="Instruction_scheduling" title="Instruction scheduling">Instruction scheduling</a></li>
<li><a href="Instruction_selection" title="Instruction selection">Instruction selection</a></li>
<li><a href="Register_allocation" title="Register allocation">Register allocation</a></li>
<li><a href="Rematerialization" title="Rematerialization">Rematerialization</a></li></ul>
</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Functional</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">
<ul><li><a href="Deforestation_(computer_science)" title="Deforestation (computer science)">Deforestation</a></li>
<li><a href="Tail_call" title="Tail call">Tail-call elimination</a></li></ul>
</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Global</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">
<ul><li><a href="Interprocedural_optimization" title="Interprocedural optimization">Interprocedural optimization</a></li></ul>
</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">
<ul><li><a href="Bounds-checking_elimination" title="Bounds-checking elimination">Bounds-checking elimination</a></li>
<li><a href="Compile-time_function_execution" title="Compile-time function execution">Compile-time function execution</a></li>
<li><a href="Dead-code_elimination" title="Dead-code elimination">Dead-code elimination</a></li>
<li><a href="Expression_templates" title="Expression templates">Expression templates</a></li>
<li><a href="Inline_expansion" title="Inline expansion">Inline expansion</a></li>
<li><a href="Jump_threading" title="Jump threading">Jump threading</a></li>
<li><a href="Partial_evaluation" title="Partial evaluation">Partial evaluation</a></li>
<li><a href="Profile-guided_optimization" title="Profile-guided optimization">Profile-guided optimization</a></li></ul>
</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Static analysis</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">
<ul><li><a href="Alias_analysis" title="Alias analysis">Alias analysis</a></li>
<li><a href="Array-access_analysis" title="Array-access analysis">Array-access analysis</a></li>
<li><a href="Control-flow_analysis" title="Control-flow analysis">Control-flow analysis</a></li>
<li><a href="Data-flow_analysis" title="Data-flow analysis">Data-flow analysis</a></li>
<li><a href="Dependence_analysis" title="Dependence analysis">Dependence analysis</a></li>
<li><a href="Escape_analysis" title="Escape analysis">Escape analysis</a></li>
<li><a href="Pointer_analysis" title="Pointer analysis">Pointer analysis</a></li>
<li><a href="Shape_analysis_(program_analysis)" title="Shape analysis (program analysis)">Shape analysis</a></li>
</ul>
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